The conference, organized on the basis of an international call for papers, will investigate how European political cultures and parties have imagined and confronted the integration process from 1945 until 1992. By concentrating on this topic, the conference also aims to overcome artificial divisions between domestic, foreign and European politics, and to weave together often separate domains of historical analysis such as political ideologies, political stances in the Cold War, European choices, national political struggles and arenas, economic and social policies. Its chronological extremes have been chosen accordingly: the end of World War Two and the signing of the Maastricht Treaty as turning points not only for the European integration process, but also for the Cold War, for Twentieth Century ideologies, for European parties and party systems.

Mark Gilbert
Johns Hopkins University, Bologna

Marc Lazar
Sciences Po, Paris

Giovanni Orsina
LUISS Guido Carli
IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca

Jean-Marie Palayret
European University Institute

Georges-Henri Soutou
Université Paris-Sorbonne

Antonio Varsori
Università degli Studi di Padova

Maria Elena Cavallaro
IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca

Guia Migani
Università degli Studi di Padova

L'impossible troisième force: trajectoire comparée des socialistes italiens et français face à l'Europe 1945-62

«L'Europe sera socialiste ou ne sera pas» - Positions et contradictions des Socialistes français à l'égard de l'Europe communautaire, 1971-1981

The Dutch Labour Party in the 1970s: calling for European integration with a human face

The Spanish socialist party and Europe

Cross-border social democratic party networking on European Integration: The Socialist International as a political actor during the early 1970s

Graduate School

Within the IMT Graduate School, the integration between research and education is designed around two broad multidisciplinary research areas which sustain four PhD programs: Computer Science and Engineering; Economics, Markets and Institutions; Institutions, Politics and Policies and Management and Development of Cultural Heritage.

• By plane

The nearest airports to Lucca are Pisa International Airport "Galileo Galilei" and Florence International Airport "Amerigo Vespucci"

From Pisa Airport to Lucca

By train

Every twenty minutes there is a train from Pisa Airport to Pisa Central Station where you will find train connections to Lucca.
The train station is located on the left hand side when you exit the airport (near the check‐in area)

By bus

There are direct buses from Pisa Airport to Lucca
The bus ticket office is inside the Arrivals Area and the bus leaves from a platform right outside the airport (the company is called Vaibus and the schedule is available at http://www.vaibus.it)

By taxi

A taxi would cost about € 50,00 and it would take about 30‐45 minutes to get to Lucca

From Florence Airport to Lucca

By bus

There are direct buses from Florence Airport to Lucca
There is a dedicated bus stop immediately next to the airport. The schedule is available at http://www.vaibus.it

By train

If you decide to take a train, you would have to take a city line bus from the airport to the train station of Florence Santa Maria Novella where you will find train connections to Lucca.
You can see the bus schedule at http://www.ataf.net/en/ataf.aspx?idC=2&LN=en‐US

By taxi

A taxi would cost about € 80,00 and it would take about 45‐60 minutes to get to Lucca

From the Bus Station to IMT

Lucca bus station is located in Piazzale Verdi: take Via S. Paolino, just opposite the tourist information office, and go straight on until Piazza S. Michele, easily recognizable for the marvellous white marble church. Cross the square and go on through Via Roma, Piazza Bernardini and Via S.Croce (the same straight path, just changing names). Pass the SS. Gervasio e Protasio door to get into Via Elisa. The first street on the right is Via San Micheletto.

• By car

From the Highway to IMT

We recommend to take the exit "Lucca Est". At the crossroads turn left and enter Viale Europa; go straight on until you reach a roundabout where you will turn right and take Viale Carducci; follow the road, keeping the marvellous walls on your left until you arrive in Piazzale Ricasoli, where the train station is located. Here you should turn right, still keeping the walls on your left, and go straight on until you see Porta Elisa, a white marble entrance door to the town. As soon as you enter the town you are in Via Elisa, where you can follow the directions in order to leave the car in one of the parking lots nearby.

• By train

Lucca Train Station is connected to the main Tuscan provinces and tourist locations such as: Pisa, Viareggio, Montecatini, Pistoia, Florence, Aulla.
You can check connections and timetables at http://www.trenitalia.com

From the train station to IMT

Lucca train station is located in Piazzale Ricasoli: cross Piazzale Ricasoli, take the pedestrian street in front of you, cross the meadow, follow the path and go right up the walls. Take the path up onto the walls and walk (right) along the walls until you reach the next exit/bastion. Come down from the walls and go straight on in Via del Fosso.
Turn right in Via Elisa. The first street on the right is Via San Micheletto.

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